1. Describe the pattern and anatomic basis of glioma recurrence at the resection margin and explain why conventional imaging and bulk population-average drug assays fail to detect the dormant and slow-cycling cells that drive it.

2. Distinguish drug-tolerant persister cells from truly drug-resistant cells and explain how single-cell tracking in BRAF V600E–mutant glioma demonstrates that resistance can arise through non-genetic (epigenetic) adaptation within a genetically uniform tumor.

3. Discuss the clinical implications of reversible versus committed drug tolerance — including intermittent dosing strategies, combination therap and the role of brain penetrance — for targeted drug treatment planning in gliomas.