Objectives: 

• Explain the structure and mechanisms of Medicare’s Direct and Indirect Graduate Medical Education (DGME and IME) funding.

• Critically evaluate the policy limitations and inequities within the current GME financing system.

• Analyze how existing GME funding models influence the distribution and composition of the primary care workforce.

• Synthesize recent research on GME finance to identify actionable strategies for policy reform.

• Examine emerging legislative and regulatory efforts aimed at modernizing GME funding and promoting primary care expansion