Health outcomes in the United States lag behind other developed nations despite health expenditures that are exceptionally high and growing. This disparity has led many to conclude that healthcare services are overused in the U.S., a phenomenon driven by a perfect storm of patient, provider, and institutional determinants. Overuse has been defined as the provision of care in circumstances where the potential for harm exceeds the potential for benefit. In this lecture, I will describe the problem of overuse of healthcare services in the U.S. and provide a framework for exploring interventions that might be applied at a population-, episodic- or patient-level. I will provide examples of interventions that have been already implemented and tested in various care settings, and describe in detail the work that my colleagues and I have been doing regarding measurement of overuse.