Dr. Shoemaker received his Ph.D. in Work Physiology from the University of Waterloo in 1996. He completed three years of postdoctoral training in the Division of Cardiology at the Penn State College of Medicine and started his academic career at the University of Western Ontario in 1999. Dr. Shoemaker’s research focuses on the integrative neural control of the circulation in health and disease in humans. Particular research focus is applied to a) determining efferent sympathetic discharge patterns using microneurographic approaches, b) the functional cortical autonomic pathways mediating autonomic changes and cardiovascular control in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging and depth electrode recordings, and c) organ blood flow regulation, focusing on skeletal muscle and cerebrovascular beds using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging approaches.